Nearly 18,000 people in the United States under the age of 50 are expected to be diagnosed with colorectal
cancer this year, according to the American Cancer Society.
The disease, commonly known as colon cancer, is characterized by cells in the colon or rectum growing out
of control. Colon cancer typically starts as a small, noncancerous growth known as a polyp on the lining of
the organ. Screenings are key to finding these polyps so they can be removed before they become cancerous.
Colon cancer is most common in those age 55 and older. However, widespread screening in this demographic
has led to a decrease in cases. According to the American Cancer Society, since 2012 diagnoses of colorectal
cancer have dropped about 1% each year. A combination of early detection and medical advances has also
caused mortality rates to lower in this age group.
Colon cancer is now the deadliest type of cancer in men younger than 50 years old and the second leading
cause of cancer death for women in the same age group. While the reason for the increase is still being
researched, infrequent screening in this demographic has caused many cases to be diagnosed at an advanced
stage. At an advanced stage, colon cancer is more difficult to treat and may require more invasive procedures.
Beginning screening earlier in life is one of the best ways to lower risk of colorectal cancer. Diets that
consistently include red and processed meat, as well as smoking and moderate to heavy alcohol use are all
associated with increased risk of colon cancer. These are risk factors that can be controlled.
Screening frequency recommendations vary depending on an individual’s level of risk. Factors that may place
a person at greater risk of developing colon cancer include a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory
bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes and having had a gallbladder removal.
Low-risk adults who are 45 and older should begin screening on a regular basis. The CDC recommends a
stool test every 3 to 5 years and a colonoscopy every 10 years to screen for colon cancer. Those with high risk
factors are especially encouraged to begin getting tested sooner and more frequently. Individuals whose
screenings show abnormalities may also be recommended a more frequent screening schedule.
If you begin experiencing symptoms of colorectal cancer, get screened as soon as possible as early detection is
key to effective treatment of the disease. Bowel changes are a common symptom, including persistent
diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, bloating, gas, nausea and pain in the abdomen. Other symptoms
include fatigue, unexplained weight loss and a mass in the abdomen or rectum.
Although occurrence and deaths caused by colon cancer are rising in younger adults, early screening and
lifestyle changes are incredibly effective at minimizing the risk. Protect yourself by being educated on the
signs and symptoms of colon cancer, and talk to your doctor about when screening should begin for you.